Supplementary data from "An atlas of the thioredoxin fold class reveals the complexity of function-enabling adaptations"

Babbitt Lab > Resources > Supplementary data from "An atlas of the thioredoxin fold class reveals the complexity of function-enabling adaptations"

An atlas of the thioredoxin fold class reveals the complexity of function-enabling adaptations

Atkinson, HJ, and Babbitt, PC. "An atlas of the thioredoxin fold class reveals the complexity of function-enabling adaptations." 2009, in preparation.

Background
The thioredoxin (Trx) fold class is huge and diverse. Assessment of the variation in catalytic machinery of Trx fold proteins is essential in providing a foundation for understanding their functional diversity and predicting the function of its many uncharacterized members.

Methodology/Principal Findings
The proteins of the Trx fold class retain common features — including variations on a dithiol CxxC active site motif — that lead to delivery of function. We use protein similarity networks guide an analysis of how structural and sequence motifs track with catalytic function and taxonomic categories for 4,082 representative sequences spanning the known superfamilies of the Trx fold. Domain structure in the fold class is varied and modular, with 2.8% of sequences containing more than one Trx fold domain. Most member proteins are bacterial. The fold class exhibits many modifications to the CxxC active site motif — only 56.8% of proteins have both cysteines, and no functional groupings have absolute conservation of the expected catalytic motif. Only a small fraction of Trx fold sequences have been functionally characterized.

Conclusions & significance
This work provides a global view of the complex distribution of domains and catalytic machinery throughout the fold class, showing that each superfamily contains remnants of the CxxC active site. The unifying context provided by this work can guide the comparison of members of different Trx fold superfamilies to gain insight about their structure-function relationships, illustrated here with the thioredoxins and peroxiredoxins.

Available files:

Supplementary figures referenced in the text
Supplementary tables referenced in the text
Datafiles generated in the analysis: sequence files, trees, protein similarity networks, etc

Dataset files -- sequences and IDs
Networks and tree
1. Structure-based networks and tree [Fig 3]
2. Sequence-based networks [Fig 4+]
Prediction of CxxC active sites
1. Definition of CxxC motif for each superfamily in terms of PFAM HMMs

Tutorials on sequence similarity networks

How to view SSN files
Basic Cytoscape tutorial
Movie illustrating how network topology changes with threshold

1. Supplementary figures referenced in the text. All files are in Portable Document Format (PDF)

File Description

SF1_strucNets_minority.pdf
Fig. S1.
A structure-based similarity network describes a map of the Trx fold class: colored by minority Thioredoxin-like Clan families
A. Structure-similarity network, containing 159 structures that are a maximum of 60% identical (by sequence) that span the Trx fold class. Similarity is defined by FAST scores better than a score of 4.5; edges at this limiting score represent alignments with a median of 2.75Å RMSD across 72 aligned positions. Each node is colored by a PFAM Thioredoxin-like Clan family if the chain sequence is a member of that family. Nodes with thick red borders and bold labels denote chains present in the hierarchical clustering tree in D. Labels like 1ON4_A denote PDB ID 1ON4, chain A. B. Structure similarity network containing the same structures as in A, shown at the more stringent threshold of 7.5. Edges at this limiting score correspond to alignments with a median of 2.45Å RMSD across 89 aligned positions. Nodes are colored as in A. C. Structure similarity network containing the 105 structures from the large connected cluster in B, displayed at a FAST score cutoff of 12.0; edges at this limiting score represent alignments with a median of 2.21Å RMSD across 102 aligned positions. Nodes are colored as in A. D. Complete linkage hierarchical clustering tree based on pairwise FAST scores for 15 representative structures singled out in the networks in A-C, with PDB IDs in bold, and associated SWISSPROT sequence IDs in plain text.

SF2_TrxClan_AnnotBySP.pdf
Fig. S2.
A sequence similarity network shows how each Trx fold superfamily is distributed (colored by SwissProt classification)
[From UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot family/domain classification: http://ca.expasy.org/cgi-bin/get-similar?all=all]
Sequence similarity network, containing 4,082 representative sequences that are a maximum of 40% identical that span the Trx fold class. Similarity is defined by pairwise BLAST alignments better than an E-value of 1x10-12; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median 30% identity over 120 residues, while the rest of the edges represent better alignments. Each node is colored by the sequences SWISSPROT family classification, if available; sequences that are not classified in SWISSPROT are colored grey. Large nodes represent sequences that are at least 40% identical to the 159 structures in Fig. 3. The sequences associated with the 15 representative structures in Fig. 3C are labeled using bold text and white arrows. The general locations of other sequences representing different superfamilies are noted using italicized text.

SF3_TrxClan_AnnotByDomOrder.pdf
Fig. S3.
Many Trx domains occur in combination with other Trx domains
A. Sequence similarity network, containing 4,082 representative sequences that are a maximum of 40% identical that span the Trx fold class. Similarity is defined by pairwise BLAST alignments better than an E-value of 1x10-12; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median 30% identity over 120 residues, while the rest of the edges represent better alignments. Nodes are colored by the number of PFAM Thioredoxin-like Clan family domains occurring within the sequence; with the exception of H. influenzae Prx 5 -- labeled (iii) -- and the monothiol glutaredoxins -- labeled (ii) -- these domains are typically duplications of the same domain, such as the PDI-type enzymes (iv), which can contain two to four thioredoxin domains, or the few DSBA-like enzymes (i) which contain up to three DSBA-like domains. Large nodes represent sequences that are at least 40% identical to the 159 structures in Fig. 3. The sequences associated with the 15 representative structures in Fig 3C are labeled using bold text and white arrows. The occurrence of other sequences representing different superfamilies are noted using italicized text. B. Domain structures for example sequences from the groups labeled (i)-(iv); some domains are shorter than expected and this is denoted by a gradient that fades to white. The sequences are identified by their UNIPROT sequence IDs.

SF4_TrxFold_byPFAM_tally.tsv.R.pdf
Fig. S4.
The relative populations of the Trx fold superfamilies vary
A. 4,082 representative sequences that are a maximum of 40% identical and span the Trx fold class, binned according to their membership in PFAM families within the Thioredoxin-like Clan. B. All 29,206 sequences in the Trx fold class.

SF5_strucNets_withSeqNet.pdf
Fig. S5.
There is good correspondence between the structure and sequence-based Trx fold class networks
The three views of the structure-based network from Fig. 3 are repeated in A-C, and panel D contains a sequence-based network derived from the amino acid sequences in the 159 structure chains. A. Structure similarity network, containing 159 structures that are a maximum of 60% identical (by sequence) that span the Trx fold class. Similarity is defined by FAST scores better than a score of 4.5; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median of 2.75Å RMSD across 72 aligned positions, while the rest of the edges represent better alignments. Each node is colored by a PFAM Thioredoxin-like Clan family if the chain sequence is a member. Nodes with thick white borders and bold labels denote chains present in the hierarchical clustering tree in Fig. 3D. Labels like 1ON4_A denote PDB ID 1ON4, chain A. B. Structure similarity network containing the same structures as in A, shown at the more stringent threshold of 7.5. Edges at this threshold correspond to alignments with a median of 2.45Å RMSD across 89 aligned positions. Nodes are colored as in A. C. Structure similarity network containing the 105 structures from the large connected cluster in B, displayed at a FAST score cutoff of 12.0; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median of 2.21Å RMSD across 102 aligned positions. Nodes are colored as in A. D. Sequence similarity network, containing 159 chain sequences from A-C. Similarity is defined by pairwise BLAST alignments better than an E-value of 1x10-5; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median 27% identity over 84 residues, while the rest of the edges represent better alignments.

SF6_TrxClan_AnnotByTax.pdf
Fig. S6.
Use of some members of the Trx fold class is restricted to taxonomic subsets
Here, the sequence similarity network from Fig. 4, containing 4,082 sequences, is colored by the species kingdom (Metazoa, Fungi, Viridiplantae) or superkingdom (Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea). Note that Eukaryota includes all eukyaryotic species without a more specific kingdom, and is primarily associated with protozoan parasites. Large nodes represent sequences that are associated with the structures from Fig. 3. Blue letter labels correspond to sequence groups in Fig. 5.

2. Supplementary tables referenced in the text. All files are in Portable Document Format (PDF)

File Description

ST_1-3.pdf
Table S1.
Number of unique structures in each Thioredoxin-like Clan family
Table S2.
Number of sequences in each Thioredoxin-like Clan family
Table S3.
Network edges from Fig. 4 due to sequence similarity outside of the domain of interest

3. Datafiles generated in the analysis: sequence files, trees, protein similarity networks, etc

Sequence files are in Fasta format (.fa)
trees are in Newick format (.tre)
Sequence similarity networks are in XGMML file format
- readable using Cytoscape (http://www.cytoscape.org) -- use File: Import network
- Warning: right-click or control-click network links to save to file; some browsers will interpret the .xgmml files as displayable web pages and will hang on larger files

Dataset files -- sequences and IDs
Networks and tree
1. Structure-based networks and tree [Fig 3]
2. Sequence-based networks [Fig 4+]
Prediction of CxxC active sites -- motif definitions

1. Dataset files

File Description

tab-separated file:
SIMILARITY_classes.txt List of the 20 Trx-fold-relevant SwissProt superfamilies, example sequence IDs, and counts for each class that contributed to the total sequence set.

tab-separated file:
SwissProtPfamTrxClan.ids.tsv All 29,206 Trx fold class sequences:

Column Description

AC UniProt accession

name UniProt/SwissProt/TrEMBL ID

DE UniProt definition line

sequence protein sequence

seq_length sequence length

species species

taxID NCBI taxonomy ID

struc_ct count of structures associated with sequence

has_struc yes if seq is associated with structure

dbsource sequences is in SwissProt (sp) or TrEMBL (tr) database

SPFamily SwissProt classification from SIMILARITY line if exists

strucIDs list of PDB IDs associated with this sequence

sequences:
SwissProtPfamTrxClan40nrVips60gr.fa 4,082 Trx-fold sequences: the above sequences filtered to a max of 40% identity and a minimum length of 60 amino acids

sequences:
SwissProtPfamTrxClanOnly.pdb.fa 563 sequences extracted from Trx-fold structures:

Start with 29,206 Trx fold class sequences
Collect all PDB IDs associated with these sequences that are associated with X-ray or NMR structures
For each PDB ID, a structure is counted once for each unique chain sequence containing a Trx fold
Extract sequences from the PDB SEQRES records for 563 chains

sequences:
SwissProtPfamTrxClanOnly60nr.pdb.fa 159 sequences extracted from Trx-fold structures (chains):
The above sequences, filtered to a maximum of 60% identity

2.1 Structure-based networks and tree

Fig 3: Structure-based networks relating 159 and 105 structures
Fig 3C: Structure-based clustering tree relating 15 structures

File

Description

network: SwissProtPfamTrxClanOnly60nr.pdb.tsv. ids_4.5.fc.xgmml
[3M]

Fig. 3A: structure similarity network, FAST score cutoff of 4.5

Structure-similarity network, containing 159 structures that are a maximum of 60% identical (by sequence) that span the Trx fold class. Similarity is defined by FAST scores better than a score of 4.5; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median of 2.75Å RMSD across 72 aligned positions, while the rest of the edges represent better alignments.

Load in Cytoscape using File: Import network

Attribute:
PDB chain
Associated SwissProt sequence info
Annotation of PDB chain sequence: PFAM Trx Clan HMMs
Description

PDB chain

ID PDB ID_Chain ID

pdb_chainID PDB ID_Chain ID

pdbID PDB ID

comment PDB structure "title"

exp_method NMR or X-ray

resolution if X-ray, resolution; 0.0 if NMR

year date of deposition in the PDB

het_name list of non-standard residues (often ligands)

chain_seq amino acid sequence of PDB chain

chain_seq_length length of 'chain_seq'

chain_seq_range seq indices corresponding to SwissProt sequence

chains list of chain IDs found in entire PDB structure

inClustTree yes if in clustering tree in Fig. 1D

Associated SwissProt sequence info

sp_ID associated SwissProt sequence ID

chain_seq_range SwissProt sequence indices indicating coverage by chain seq

AC UniProt accession

DE UniProt definition line

species species

taxID NCBI taxonomy ID

SPFamily SwissProt classification from SIMILARITY line if exists

SPSequence Full length SwissProt sequence assoc w/ sp_ID

dbsource sequences is in SwissProt (sp) or TrEMBL (tr) database

seq_length SwissProt sequence length

strucIDs colon-separated list of PDB IDs associated with this SwissProt ID in the PDB database

struc_ct number of PDB IDs associated with this SwissProt ID in the PDB database

Annotation of PDB chain sequence: PFAM Trx Clan HMMs

1stModel Best hit to PFAM Trx Clan member, if aligned better than gathering threshold; Fig. 1A-C coloring

1stLEval -log10(E-value) [1stModel]

domain_len length of 'domain_seq'

domain_seq sequence region aligning to '1stModel' HMM

seq_st start index in ID:sequence for 'domain_seq'

seq_end end index

network: SwissProtPfamTrxClanOnly60nr.pdb.tsv. ids_7.5.fc.xgmml
[1M]

Fig. 3B: structure similarity network, FAST score cutoff of 7.5

Structure-similarity network, containing 159 structures that are a maximum of 60% identical (by sequence) that span the Trx fold class. ... same structures as in A, shown at the more stringent threshold of 7.5. Edges at this threshold correspond to alignments with a median of 2.45Å RMSD across 89 aligned positions.

*See description of Fig. 3A network above for xgmml file structure attributes

network: fast7.5_subset.ids_12.0.fc.xgmml
[686K]

Fig. 3C: structure similarity network, FAST score cutoff of 12.0

Structure-similarity network containing the 105 structures from the large connected cluster in B, displayed at a FAST score cutoff of 12.0; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median of 2.21Å RMSD across 102 aligned positions.

*See description of Fig. 3A network above for xgmml file structure attributes

tree: repr_strucs2.ids.fast.m.cLink0-30.tre
[4K]

Fig. 3D: hierarchical clustering tree

Complete linkage hierarchical clustering tree based on pairwise FAST scores for 15 representative structures singled out in the networks in A-C

2.2 Sequence-based networks

Fig 4, 5, 6, S2, S3, S6: sequence similarity network relating 4,082 sequences
Fig S5D: sequence network based on 159 structures

File

Description

zipped network: SwissProtPfamTrxClan40nrVips60gr.fa _1e-12.fc.xgmml.zip
[4M zipped; 60M unzipped]

Fig. 4, 5, 6, S2, S3, S6: sequence similarity network, BLAST E-value cutoff of 1x10^-12

Sequence-similarity network, containing 4,082 sequences that are a maximum of 40% identical that span the Trx fold class. Similarity is defined by pairwise BLAST alignments better than an E-value of 1x10^-12; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median 30% identity over 120 residues, while the rest of the edges represent better alignments.

1. Unzip file using gunzip (or double-click)

2. Load in xgmml file in Cytoscape using File: Import network

Note: This file is huge; will take at least minutes to load

Attribute:

General
Domains and PFAM Trx Clan HMMs
Structures
Sequence motifs
Taxonomic
Description

General

ID UniProt:SwissProt/TrEMBL ID

name UniProt:SwissProt/TrEMBL ID

AC UniProt accession

DE UniProt definition line

SPFamily SwissProt classification from SIMILARITY line if exists; Fig S2 coloring

dbsource sequences is in SwissProt (sp) or TrEMBL (tr) database

sequence full length sequence

seq_length sequence length

Domains and PFAM Trx Clan HMMs

1stModel Best hit to PFAM Trx Clan member, if aligned better than gathering threshold; Fig. 4 coloring

1stLEval -log10(E-value) [1stModel]

domain_seq sequence region aligning to '1stModel' HMM

domain_len length of 'domain_seq'

seq_st start index in ID:sequence for 'domain_seq'

seq_end end index

2ndModel Second-best hit to PFAM Trx Clan member, if aligned better than gathering threshold

2ndLEval -log10(E-value) [2ndModel]

3rdModel Third-best hit to PFAM Trx Clan member, if aligned better than gathering threshold

3rdLEval -log10(E-value) [3rdModel]

domOrder colon-separated list of Trx domains present in sequence, ordered N to C

doE-vals HMM alignment E-vals for each of the above domains

do_num_domains number of Trx clan domains present in sequence; Fig. S3 coloring

Structures

has_struc yes if is associated with a structure in the PDB database

strucIDs colon-separated list of PDB IDs associated with this sequence in the PDB database

struc_ct number of PDB IDs associated with this sequence in the PDB database

idsFrom60nrPdbNet List of PDB chains with >= 40% identity to this sequence in the 159-structure net from Fig 1 (ie, chain sequences are also < 60% identity to each other)

nStrucsFrom60nrPdbNet = count(idsFrom60nrPdbNet)

60nrPDB_ID PDB ID for representative of this sequence in structure-based network (Fig. 1) (ie, member of the >= 40% identity sequence cluster containing the sequence associated with that PDB structure chain -- nearest by sequence from 'idsFrom60nrPdbNet')

Sequence motifs

catType CxxC, Cxxc, cxxC, loopC_C3, other; Fig. 6 coloring

C0 Amino acid at Cxxc position

X1 Amino acid at cXxc position

X2 Amino acid at cxXc position

C3 Amino acid at cxxC position

CXXC 'C0'+'X1'+'X2'+'C3'

loopC Amino acid at Cxxxc position

cPorR is there a Pro or Arg at the N-term of the third beta strand? Fig. 7 coloring

Taxonomic

species species

Note that standard hierarchy is:
superkingdom, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

kingToSuperking If species is associated with a taxonomic kingdom, this is the attribute value. Otherwise, superkingdom value is used; Fig. S6 coloring

phylumToClass If species is associated with a taxonomic phylum, this is the attribute value. Otherwise, class value is used.

orderToFamily If species is associated with a taxonomic order, this is the attribute value. Otherwise, family value is used

taxID NCBI taxonomy ID

File

Description

network: 159_chain_seqs.fa_1e-05.fc.xgmml
[1M]

Fig. S5D: sequence similarity network, BLAST E-value cutoff of 1x10^-5

Sequence-similarity network, containing 159 chain sequences from Fig 1 A-C. Similarity is defined by pairwise BLAST alignments better than an E-value of 1x10-5; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median 27% identity over 84 residues, while the rest of the edges represent better alignments.

Load in Cytoscape using File: Import network

*See description of Fig. 3A network above for xgmml file structure/sequence attributes

3. Prediction of CxxC active sites

File

Description

tab-separated text file: activeSiteMotifsByFamily.tsv
[961B]

Text file associating each Thioredoxin-like Clan PFAM model with a CxxC motif, if present.

Columns:

PFAM model
model motif that appears in alignments
notes (how does motif correspond to CxxC positions?)
example sequence and structure

Contents:

PFAM model	motif		notes	example seq and structure
AhpC-TSA	tPvC		=cxxC	PRDX6_HUMAN 1PRX T44,C47
ArsC		Cstc		=CxxC	ARSC1_ECOLI 1I9D C12,S15
Calsequestrin	[no motif]	has multiple Trx domains, no CxxC in any	CASQ1_RABIT 1A8Y
DSBA		CPyC		=CxxC	DSBA_ECOLI 1FVK C30,C33
DUF1687		[no motif]		YK29_YEAST 1WPI
DUF836		ChLC		=CxxC	Q8P6W3_XANCP 1TTZ C11,C14
DUF953		CGpC		=CxxC	Q9BRA2_HUMAN 1WOU C43,C46
ERp29_N		[no motif]		WBL_DROME 1OVN
GSHPx		CGlT		=Cxxc	GPX7_HUMAN 2P31 C57,T60
GST_N		spra		poor fit: cxxc	GSTT1_HUMAN 2C3N S11,C14
Glutaredoxin	CpfC		=CxxC	GLRX3_ECOLI 3GRX C11,S14
HyaE		[no motif]		HYAE_ECOLI 2HFD
OST3_OST6	CqlC		=Cxxc	OST3_YEAST [no structure] C73,C76
Phosducin	GtdA		poor fit: model based on 2 seq; 't'-pos is Cys	PHOS_RAT 1B9Y_C C148
Redoxin		cPtC		=cxxC	PRDX5_HUMAN 1OC3 T44,C47
SCO1-SenC	CPdiC		=CxxxC	SCO1_HUMAN 2GGT C169,C173
SH3BGR		[no motif]		SH3L1_HUMAN 1U6T
T4_deiodinase	TCP			IOD2_HUMAN [no structure] U133 (Sec)
Thioredoxin	CGpC		=CxxC	THIO_BACSU 2GZY C29,C32

File	Description
SF1_strucNets_minority.pdf	Fig. S1. A structure-based similarity network describes a map of the Trx fold class: colored by minority Thioredoxin-like Clan families A. Structure-similarity network, containing 159 structures that are a maximum of 60% identical (by sequence) that span the Trx fold class. Similarity is defined by FAST scores better than a score of 4.5; edges at this limiting score represent alignments with a median of 2.75Å RMSD across 72 aligned positions. Each node is colored by a PFAM Thioredoxin-like Clan family if the chain sequence is a member of that family. Nodes with thick red borders and bold labels denote chains present in the hierarchical clustering tree in D. Labels like 1ON4_A denote PDB ID 1ON4, chain A. B. Structure similarity network containing the same structures as in A, shown at the more stringent threshold of 7.5. Edges at this limiting score correspond to alignments with a median of 2.45Å RMSD across 89 aligned positions. Nodes are colored as in A. C. Structure similarity network containing the 105 structures from the large connected cluster in B, displayed at a FAST score cutoff of 12.0; edges at this limiting score represent alignments with a median of 2.21Å RMSD across 102 aligned positions. Nodes are colored as in A. D. Complete linkage hierarchical clustering tree based on pairwise FAST scores for 15 representative structures singled out in the networks in A-C, with PDB IDs in bold, and associated SWISSPROT sequence IDs in plain text.
SF2_TrxClan_AnnotBySP.pdf	Fig. S2. A sequence similarity network shows how each Trx fold superfamily is distributed (colored by SwissProt classification) [From UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot family/domain classification: http://ca.expasy.org/cgi-bin/get-similar?all=all] Sequence similarity network, containing 4,082 representative sequences that are a maximum of 40% identical that span the Trx fold class. Similarity is defined by pairwise BLAST alignments better than an E-value of 1x10-12; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median 30% identity over 120 residues, while the rest of the edges represent better alignments. Each node is colored by the sequences SWISSPROT family classification, if available; sequences that are not classified in SWISSPROT are colored grey. Large nodes represent sequences that are at least 40% identical to the 159 structures in Fig. 3. The sequences associated with the 15 representative structures in Fig. 3C are labeled using bold text and white arrows. The general locations of other sequences representing different superfamilies are noted using italicized text.
SF3_TrxClan_AnnotByDomOrder.pdf	Fig. S3. Many Trx domains occur in combination with other Trx domains A. Sequence similarity network, containing 4,082 representative sequences that are a maximum of 40% identical that span the Trx fold class. Similarity is defined by pairwise BLAST alignments better than an E-value of 1x10-12; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median 30% identity over 120 residues, while the rest of the edges represent better alignments. Nodes are colored by the number of PFAM Thioredoxin-like Clan family domains occurring within the sequence; with the exception of H. influenzae Prx 5 -- labeled (iii) -- and the monothiol glutaredoxins -- labeled (ii) -- these domains are typically duplications of the same domain, such as the PDI-type enzymes (iv), which can contain two to four thioredoxin domains, or the few DSBA-like enzymes (i) which contain up to three DSBA-like domains. Large nodes represent sequences that are at least 40% identical to the 159 structures in Fig. 3. The sequences associated with the 15 representative structures in Fig 3C are labeled using bold text and white arrows. The occurrence of other sequences representing different superfamilies are noted using italicized text. B. Domain structures for example sequences from the groups labeled (i)-(iv); some domains are shorter than expected and this is denoted by a gradient that fades to white. The sequences are identified by their UNIPROT sequence IDs.
SF4_TrxFold_byPFAM_tally.tsv.R.pdf	Fig. S4. The relative populations of the Trx fold superfamilies vary A. 4,082 representative sequences that are a maximum of 40% identical and span the Trx fold class, binned according to their membership in PFAM families within the Thioredoxin-like Clan. B. All 29,206 sequences in the Trx fold class.
SF5_strucNets_withSeqNet.pdf	Fig. S5. There is good correspondence between the structure and sequence-based Trx fold class networks The three views of the structure-based network from Fig. 3 are repeated in A-C, and panel D contains a sequence-based network derived from the amino acid sequences in the 159 structure chains. A. Structure similarity network, containing 159 structures that are a maximum of 60% identical (by sequence) that span the Trx fold class. Similarity is defined by FAST scores better than a score of 4.5; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median of 2.75Å RMSD across 72 aligned positions, while the rest of the edges represent better alignments. Each node is colored by a PFAM Thioredoxin-like Clan family if the chain sequence is a member. Nodes with thick white borders and bold labels denote chains present in the hierarchical clustering tree in Fig. 3D. Labels like 1ON4_A denote PDB ID 1ON4, chain A. B. Structure similarity network containing the same structures as in A, shown at the more stringent threshold of 7.5. Edges at this threshold correspond to alignments with a median of 2.45Å RMSD across 89 aligned positions. Nodes are colored as in A. C. Structure similarity network containing the 105 structures from the large connected cluster in B, displayed at a FAST score cutoff of 12.0; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median of 2.21Å RMSD across 102 aligned positions. Nodes are colored as in A. D. Sequence similarity network, containing 159 chain sequences from A-C. Similarity is defined by pairwise BLAST alignments better than an E-value of 1x10-5; edges at this threshold represent alignments with a median 27% identity over 84 residues, while the rest of the edges represent better alignments.
SF6_TrxClan_AnnotByTax.pdf	Fig. S6. Use of some members of the Trx fold class is restricted to taxonomic subsets Here, the sequence similarity network from Fig. 4, containing 4,082 sequences, is colored by the species kingdom (Metazoa, Fungi, Viridiplantae) or superkingdom (Bacteria, Eukaryota, Archaea). Note that Eukaryota includes all eukyaryotic species without a more specific kingdom, and is primarily associated with protozoan parasites. Large nodes represent sequences that are associated with the structures from Fig. 3. Blue letter labels correspond to sequence groups in Fig. 5.